Al-Abbadi S.Y. (2009).
Efficiency of different pollination treatments on Solanacea yields grown in plastic house.
Journal of Biological Science 9(5):464-469
ABSTRACT:
-The experiment was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture Research Station at Mut`ah University / Al-Karak during 2004 growing season, to study the efficiency of bumble bees ( Bombus terrestris L. ) and different number of honeybees nuclei ( Apis mellifera L.) which are the most common commercial pollinators in the world on vegetable crops including nightshade varieties crops, Egg plant (Solanum melongenae), Sweet and chili pepper (Capsicum spp.,) under uncontrolled plastic house condition compared with control. Bumble bees ( Bombus terrestris L.) and honeybees different nuclei ( Apis mellifera L.) showed no problem in visiting flowers at temperature range between 16-32oC during day time and experiment period, but were decreased dramatically towards 42 Co . Tow honeybee nuclei pollinated plants produced significantly higher yield of eggplant, sweet and chili pepper than one honeybee nuclei, Bumble bees, and control section, respectively. Demarcated 15 plants in each section for each varieties (5 in each row) labeled inflorescences; flower pod and fruits set percentage for eggplant was 66 %, 59 %, 52% and 30 %, sweet peppers was 82%, 69%, 55%, and 49%, and chili pepper was 83%, 75%, 61% and 35% for the two honeybees nuclei, , one honeybees nuclei, bumble bees and control, respectively. The pods and fruits quality which their flowers pollinated by honey and bumble bees was superior, early harvested, were with more seeds and exhibited better appearance. Individual pods and fruits randomly collected from the demarcated 15 plants for each species (eggplant, sweet and chili pepper), 5 plant in each row beds for each section, individual average weight and length of fruits and pods during different harvest time was (242, 220 ,170 ,131g. and 14, 14, 13, 12 cm. for eggplant , 137, 97, 88,72 g and 8, 8, 7 ,7 cm. for sweet pepper and 26, 22, 19 ,16 g. 16, 15, 14 ,13 cm. for chili pepper ) for two honeybees nuclei, one honeybees nuclei, bumblebees and control respectively. Moreover fruits and pods number showed significant differences between the 4 treatments. For 15 demarcated plants during the different harvest time, the highest in tow honeybees nuclei section, and the lowest in control treatment section, eggplant, sweet and chili pepper were harvested weekly during ripening period. In conclusion, treatment of Eggplant, Sweet and Chili pepper with tow honeybee's nuclei and 1 honeybee's nuclei increase pods and fruits weight and size.
Keywords: Pollination, Eggplant, Solanum melongena L., Honeybees, Apis mellifera L., Sweet and chili Pepper, Capsicum spp, Bumble bees, Bombus terrestris L.
