Abstract :
 

Circular-shaped steel tubes have increasingly used in a range of structuraland architectural engineering applications. This paper investigates the influence ofbiaxial cyclic horizontal loading patterns on the seismic behavior of the stepped CHStubes. A numerical comparative study has been carried out in finite-element softwareABAQUS with four uniaxial (one-cycle (1 N), and three-cycle (3 N), line 22.5°, andline 45°) and four biaxial (square, circular, octagon, and ellipse) cyclic horizontalloading scenarios with the existing of superstructure dead load. The results revealedthat the shape of the load–displacement hysteresis loops under uniaxial loadingpatterns is totally different than biaxial loading patterns. Moreover, theHm/Hy valuesunder biaxial cyclic horizontal loading patterns are less than uniaxial horizontal cyclicloading patterns. Among all the selected loading scenarios, the square loading patternshows the worst behavior while the ellipse loading pattern shows the best behaviorin terms of bearing capacity.