Rashed Omari, H. Y. 1999,
Finite Closed Universe Contained in a Spherical Shell SAMA',
Al-Manarah Journal, Al al-BAYT University, Mafraq, Jordan, Vol. 4, No. 2, 85-107.
ABSTRACT
A novel postulate is proposed which assumes the Universe to be enclosed in a cold finite uniform smooth expanding spherical shell "SAMA'", which is a blackbody in complete thermodynamic equilibrium. SAMA' accounts for part of the cold sub-luminous matter. The model explains the homogeneity and isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation as emanating from "SAMA'". The model also assumes an extremely massive hot core located at the center of the Universe, which is a hot dark matter (HDM). The HDM is a source of the great amount of power on the large scale structure of the Universe. Between the core and SAMA’, there exist seven separate concentric spherical shells of cold dark matter, called ARADEAN. ARADEAN (plural of AROAD) act as bases for galaxy formation and clustering). The Milky Way Galaxy (MWG) is located near "SAMA'" far away from the core. As such, the MWG belongs to the upper AROAD. The observed huge sheets of galaxies are smeared on ARADEAN, where the gravitational field is isotropic. Also the increased mass-to-light ratio for larger scales; is due to larger volumes, which are not occupied by galaxies. Since the average intergalactic distances are larger than the radius of a typical galaxy, the mass-to-light ratio increases, when going from galactic scale to the level of the cluster. Furthermore, the measured local mass density is far below the critical density required to bring back remote galaxies. The model contributes to the feasibility of a finite Universe, where a physical Universe has to be finite, rather than expanding forever.
Subject headings: Background: Radiation - Open: universe - Closed: universe
http://www.mutah.edu.jo/eijaz/samaa.htm
