Towards Integrated Pest Management of the Cereal Leafminer Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae):
Status, Current and Future Control Options

Firas A. Al-Zyoud

Abstract: The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella Led. is a destructive insect pest of wheat and barely in the field and causes economic damage to these crops in many countries including Jordan. The insect feeds on plant foliage and eventually leads to a sharp decline in production. Management of agricultural pests is undoubtedly considered one of the most important farming practices that should be taken by growers. Continuous use of chemical insecticides is neither economic nor sustainable and poses risk to humans, animals, beneficials and their environment. One of the promising alternatives is the use of integrated pest management (IPM). IPM was proven to be a successful, sustainable, effective, economic and environmentally friendly control strategy for pests. However, to the best of our knowledge, no an integration published work was found to cover the status, biological and ecological aspects, current and future control options of S. temperatella. Therefore, this review paper was prepared to better understanding the biological and ecological aspects of S. temperatella and to develop management strategies to successfully suppress its population. Also, this review aims to improve wheat and barley production in our region, through the introduction of IPM practices such as resistant plant cultivars, natural enemies, bio-insecticides and cultural practices to control S. temperatella, since this paper is the first to tackle some of IPM measures of this pest. However, in this review, the geographical distribution, host plant spectrum, life cycle and biology of the pest, susceptibility/resistance of hundreds of wheat and barley cultivars/accessions, role of oxalic acid, crop rotation, ploughing, right chemical and time, parasitoids, bio-insecticide and environmental factors were thoroughly discussed. All these aspects are fundamental components of IPM and should be taken into account in any future IPM program to control S. temperatella.

American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 13: 1582-1594.